Category: European History

Frederick Barbarossa’s Bittersweet Ending

Frederick Barbarossa’s Bittersweet Ending

John Freed— On 22 June 1941, Germany launched Operation Barbarossa. Hitler’s personal decision to name the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union after Frederick Barbarossa (b. 1122, r. 1152-90) was… READ MORE

The Prince Who Saved the Magna Carta

The Prince Who Saved the Magna Carta

Catherine Hanley— Have you ever heard of Magna Carta? It’s likely that you have: the document is famous throughout much of the world and has come to represent enduring freedom… READ MORE

Happy Birthday, Louis Barthas!

Happy Birthday, Louis Barthas!

Louis Barthas; Translated by Edward M. Strauss— Poilu author Louis Barthas was born on Bastille Day, July 14, 1879. In honor of his 137th birthday, here are two letters that… READ MORE

Accidental Circumnavigators

Accidental Circumnavigators

Harry Kelsey— The men who sailed for Spain in the sixteenth century were descended from a long line of veterans who had served in the armies of Leon and Castile… READ MORE

Are Hungarians Melancholic?

Are Hungarians Melancholic?

László F. Földényi— This past April, the American edition of my book Melancholy was presented at the Rubin Museum in New York. While spending a week in the city, meeting… READ MORE

Remembering the Reign of Henry IV

Remembering the Reign of Henry IV

Chris Given-Wilson— When Henry of Bolingbroke seized the throne from his cousin King Richard II in September 1399, he presented himself to the people of England as the champion of… READ MORE

Personal Accounts of the French Revolution

Personal Accounts of the French Revolution

Peter McPhee— The French Revolution is one of the great turning-points in history. Its achievements and triumphs—like its deceptions and atrocities—were of a scale that has made its stature unique…. READ MORE

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